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Resolution 2023 (2011) as Adopted by the Security Council

Recalling its previous resolutions and statements of its President concerning the situation in Somalia and the border dispute between Djibouti and Eritrea, in particular its resolutions 751 (1992), 1844 (2008), 1862 (2009), 1907 (2009), 1916

Recalling its previous resolutions and statements of its President concerning the situation in Somalia and the border dispute between Djibouti and Eritrea, in particular its resolutions 751 (1992), 1844 (2008), 1862 (2009), 1907 (2009), 1916 (2009), 1998 (2011), and 2002 (2011), and its statements of 18 May 2009 (S/PRST/2009/15), 9 July 2009 (S/PRST/2009/19), 12 June 2008 (S/PRST/2008/20),

Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence and unity of Somalia, Djiboutiand Eritrea, respectively, as well as that of all other States of the region,

Reiterating its full support for the Djibouti Peace Process and the Transitional Federal Charter which provide the framework for reaching a lasting political solution in Somalia, and welcoming the Kampala Accord of 9 June 2011 and the roadmap agreed on 6 September 2011,

Calling upon all States in the region to peacefully resolve their disputes and normalize their relations in order to lay the foundation for durable peace and lasting security in the Horn of Africa, and encouraging these States to provide the necessary cooperation to the African Union in its efforts to resolve these disputes,

Reiterating its grave concern about the border dispute between Eritrea and Djibouti and the importance of resolving it, calling upon Eritrea to pursue with Djibouti, in good faith, the scrupulous implementation of the 6 June 2010 Agreement, concluded under the auspices of Qatar, in order to resolve their border dispute and consolidate the normalization of their relations, and welcoming the mediation efforts of Qatar, the continued engagement of regional actors, the African Union, the United Nations,

Noting the letter of the Permanent Representative of Djibouti to the United Nations of 6 October 2011 (S/2011/617) which informs the Secretary General of the escape of two Djiboutian prisoners of war from an Eritrean prison, while noting that the Government of Eritrea has to this date denied detaining any Djiboutian prisoners of war,

Expressing  grave concern at the findings of the Somalia/Eritrea Monitoring Group report of 18 July 2011 (S/2011/433), that  Eritrea  has continued to providing political, financial, training and logistical support to armed opposition groups, including Al-Shabaab, engaged in undermining peace, security and stability in Somaliaand the region,

Condemning the planned terrorist attack of January 2011 to disrupt the African Union summit in Addis Ababa, as expressed by the findings of the Somalia/Eritrea Monitoring Group report,

Taking note of the Decision of the African Union Assembly of Heads of State and Government  held in January 2010  and the Communiqué of the AU Peace and Security Council held on 8 January 2010, welcoming the adoption, by the United Nations (UN) Security Council on 23 December 2009, of resolution 1907 (2009), which imposes sanctions on Eritrea,  for, among other things, providing political, financial, and logistical support to armed groups engaged in undermining peace and reconciliation in Somalia and regional stability; stressing the need to pursue vigorously the effective implementation of Resolution 1907 (2009), and expressing its intention to apply targeted sanctions against individuals and entities if they meet the listing criteria set out in paragraph 15 of resolution 1907 (2009) and paragraph 8 of resolution 1844 (2008),

Noting the decision by the 18th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly of the Heads of State and Government of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), calling on the Security Council to take measures to ensure that Eritreadesists from its destabilization activities in the Horn of Africa,

Noting the letter from Eritrea(S/2011/652), containing a document responding to the report of Somali/Eritrea monitoring group,

Strongly condemning any acts by Eritrea that undermine peace, security and stability in the region and calling on all Member State to comply fully with the terms of the arms embargo imposed by paragraph 5 of resolution 733 (1992), as elaborated and amended by subsequent resolutions,

Determining that Eritrea’s failure to fully comply with resolutions 1844 (2008), 1862 (2009), 1907 (2009) and its actions undermining peace and reconciliation in Somalia and the Horn of Africa region as well as the dispute between Djibouti and Eritrea constitute a threat to international peace and security,

Mindful of its primary responsibility under the Charter of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security,

Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

1.        Condemns the violations by Eritrea of Security Council resolutions 1907 (2009), 1862 (2009) and 1844 (2008) by providing continued support to armed opposition groups, including Al-Shabaab, engaged in undermining peace and reconciliation in Somalia and the region;

2.        Supports the call by the African Union for Eritrea to resolve its border disputes with its neighbours and calls on the parties to peacefully resolve their disputes, normalize their relations and to promote durable peace and lasting security in the Horn of Africa, and encourages the parties to provide the necessary cooperation to the African Union in its efforts to resolve these disputes;

3.        Reiterates that all member States, including Eritrea, shall comply fully with the terms of the arms embargo imposed by paragraph 5 of resolution 733 (1992), as elaborated and amended by subsequent resolutions;

4.        Reiterates that Eritrea shall fully comply with resolution 1907 (2009) without any further delay and stresses the obligation of all States to comply with the measures imposed by resolution 1907 (2009);

5.        Notes Eritrea’s withdrawal of its forces following the stationing of Qatari observers in the disputed areas along the border with Djibouti, calls upon Eritrea to engage constructively with Djibouti to resolve the border dispute, and reaffirms its intention to take further targeted measures against those who obstruct implementation of resolution 1862 (2009);

6.        Demands that Eritrea shall make available information pertaining to Djiboutian combatants missing in action since the clashes of 10 to 12 June, 2008 so that those concerned may ascertain the presence and condition of Djiboutian prisoners of war;

7.        Demands Eritrea to cease all direct or indirect efforts to destabilize States, including through  financial, military, intelligence and non-military assistance, such as the provision of training centres, camps and other similar facilities for armed groups, passports, living expenses, or travel facilitation;

8.        Calls upon all States, in particular States of the region, in order to ensure strict implementation of the arms embargo established by paragraphs 5 and 6 of resolution 1907 (2009), to inspect in their territory, including seaports and airports, in accordance with the National authorities and legislation and consistent with international law, all cargo bound to or from Eritrea, if the State concerned has information that provides reasonable grounds to believe that the cargo contains items the supply, sale, transfer or export of which is prohibited by paragraphs 5 or 6 of resolution 1907 (2009), and recalls the obligations contained in paragraphs 8 and 9 of resolution 1907 (2009) with respect to the discovery of items prohibited by paragraphs 5 or 6 of resolution 1907 (2009) and paragraph 5 of resolution 733 (1992) as elaborated and amended by subsequent resolutions;

9.        Expresses its intention to apply targeted sanctions against individuals and entities if they meet the listing criteria set out in paragraph 15 of resolution 1907 (2009) and paragraph 1  of resolution 2002 (2011) and requests the Committee to review, as a matter of urgency, listing proposals from Member States;

10.      Condemns the use of the ‘Diaspora tax’ on Eritrean diaspora by the Eritrean Government to destabilize the Horn of Africa region or violate relevant resolutions, including 1844 (2008), 1862 (2009) and 1907 (2009), including for purposes such as procuring arms and related materiel for transfer to armed opposition groups or providing any services or financial transfers provided directly or indirectly to such groups, as outlined in the findings of the Somalia/Eritrea Monitoring Group in its 18 July 2011 report (S/2011/433), and decides that Eritrea shall cease these practices;

11.      Decides that Eritrea shall cease using extortion, threats of violence, fraud and other illicit means to collect taxes outside of Eritrea from its nationals or other individuals of Eritrean descent, decidesfurther that States shall undertake appropriate measures to hold accountable, consistent with international law, those individuals on their territory who are acting, officially or unofficially, on behalf of the Eritrean government or the PFDJ contrary to the prohibitions imposed in this paragraph and the laws of the States concerned, and calls uponStates to take such action as may be appropriate consistent with their domestic law and international relevant instruments, including the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the 1963 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, to prevent such individuals from facilitating further violations;

12.      Expresses concern at the potential use of the Eritrean mining sector as a financial source to destabilize the Horn of Africa region, as outlined in the Final Report of the Monitoring Group (S/2011/433), and calls on Eritrea to show transparency in its public finances, including through cooperation with the Monitoring Group, in order to demonstrate that the proceeds of these mining activities are not being used to violate relevant resolutions, including 1844 (2008), 1862 (2009), 1907 (2009) and this resolution;

13.      Decides that States, in order to prevent funds derived from the mining sector of Eritrea contributing to violations of resolutions 1844 (2008), 1862 (2009), 1907 (2009) or this resolution, shall undertake appropriate measures to promote the exercise of vigilance by their nationals, persons subject to their jurisdiction and firms incorporated in their territory or subject to their jurisdiction that are doing business in this sector in Eritrea including through the issuance of due diligence guidelines, and requests in this regard the Committee, with the assistance of the Monitoring Group, to draft guidelines for the optional use of Member States;

14.      Urges all States to introduce due diligence guidelines to prevent the provision of financial services, including insurance or re-insurance, or the transfer to, through, or from their territory, or to or by their nationals or entities organized under their laws (including branches abroad), or persons or financial institutions in their territory, of any financial or other assets or resources if such services, assets or resources, including new investment in the extractives sector, would contribute to Eritrea’s violation of relevant resolutions, including 1844 (2008), 1862 (2009), 1907 (2009) and this resolution;

15.      Calls upon all States to report to the Security Council within 120 days on steps taken to implement the provisions of this resolution;

16.      Decides to further expand the mandate of the Monitoring Group re‑established by resolution 2002 (2011) to monitor and report on implementation of the measures imposed in this resolution and undertake the tasks outlined below:

(a)      Assist the Committee in monitoring the implementation of the measures imposed in paragraphs 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 above, including by reporting any information on violations;

(b)      Consider any information relevant to paragraph 6 above that should be brought to the attention of the Committee;

17.      Urges all States, relevant United Nations bodies and other interested parties, to cooperate fully with the Committee and the Monitoring Group, including by supplying any information at their disposal on the implementation of the measures decided in resolution 1844 (2008),  resolution 1907 (2009) and this resolution, in particular incidents of non-compliance;

18.      Affirms that it shall keep Eritrea’s actions under continuous review and that it shall be prepared to adjust the measures, including through their strengthening, modification or lifting, in light of Eritrea’s compliance with the provisions of resolutions 1844 (2008), 1862 (2009), 1907 (2009) and this resolution;

19.      Requests the Secretary-General to report within 180 days on Eritrea’s compliance with the provisions of resolutions 1844 (2008), 1862 (2009), 1907 (2009) and this resolution;

20.      Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Review overview
24 COMMENTS
  • kozami December 7, 2011

    The sanction plot has died, thanks to the multi-national corporations. “due diligence” is not ‘mature yet’ according to the Chinese ambassadorial delegation o the UN.

    • Sam December 7, 2011

      To Kozami

      If you are saying, Wela tinfer Tel’ya, it is understandable. It is hard to swallow the truth. The biggest slap of this sanction is its political implications. Weyo dea HGDF aysikorekumn eyu’br.
      Long live Eritrea
      Peace to Eritrea
      Death to Dictators

    • Tsahaye December 7, 2011

      Kozami,

      It is a “watered down” sanction as they chose to call it. All the dirt that was piled up on the original draft was removed: No sanction on the mining industry and no sanction on the 2% tax the PFDJ collects for rendering services. It was basically ultra-slimmed to have no effect on Eritrea’s economy. Those who had hope to cripple nation have failed in their endeavor. However, this does not mean that they have accepted defeat. They will definitely come back with another episode in the near future. What is needed now is for the PFDJ regime to invite and show its willingness to share power with other patriotic Eritreans and implement the 1997 constitution. We have already seen the outcome of a one-man’s-rule, and it is about time we save our nation from this curse.

      • h December 7, 2011

        Tsehaye,

        Whether Eritrea likes it or not, it has to adhere to the following part of the sanction:
        11. Decides that Eritrea shall cease using extortion, threats of violence, fraud and other illicit means to collect taxes outside of Eritrea from its nationals or other individuals of Eritrean descent, decidesfurther that States shall undertake appropriate measures to hold accountable, consistent with international law, those individuals on their territory who are acting, officially or unofficially, on behalf of the Eritrean government or the PFDJ contrary to the prohibitions imposed in this paragraph and the laws of the States concerned, and calls uponStates to take such action as may be appropriate consistent with their domestic law and international relevant instruments, including the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the 1963 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, to prevent such individuals from facilitating further violations;

        If Issais and his bootlickers fail to stop collecting 2%, UN and USA will come up with another sanction to punish the dictator harsher.

      • EX-PFDJ December 7, 2011

        Mr. Tsahaye You still dreaming that ” the PFDJ regime to invite and show its willingness to share power with other patriotic Eritreans and implement the 1997 constitution”. You must be kidding or you must be Ignoring those Eritrean Partriots denied their citizonship, those heroes who fought untill they get PFDJ to Asmara and are or died in prison. By implication you denying the Eritrean peoples missery. Your rullers need not advice, they chose there way intimidating the people and the people will consolidate and drive them out of power. It is matter of time.

        • Tsahaye December 7, 2011

          EX-PFDJ,

          I have a simple question for you. How long is a “matter of time”? 20 years, 30 years or more? If it was all possible by a word of mouth, you would not have given the PFDJ regime one minute chance to live. However, if that kind of hallucination gives a peace of mind, just keeping dreaming.

          • Huluf December 8, 2011

            Tsahaye,

            You sound like the derg who felt so invincibile and the Amharas who thought KIBREZEBEGNAs in thousands could hold a governoment. No, people hold a governoment. Last I checked this governoment is left to handful of people. So might is not right, truth is right and truth is might. that is what Hizbawigenar(Ex-PFDJ) is telling you Higdefite/Issayasawi it is a matter of time. Didn’t you see what unravelled in Green Square now the freedom square.

      • Hamid December 7, 2011

        To start with placing a country under Sanctions is very bad from all sides… financially, economically, investment, relationship, etc.even it seems to be tooth less Sanctions. This is becaue governments, financial institutions and companies like nevsun know that the consequence of any violation of the Sanctions regime put by UN is grave. This makes them to be very careful in their dealing with a Sanctioned Country and when they do transaction they demand high price for the risk that they are taking. Some even ignore any transaction with a Sanctioned country just to avoid taking any possible risk that would juperdize their existance. Plus one should understand that USA has extra-judicial power and could even control countries that don’t agree or wish to implement the Sanction. Therefore, it is ignorance to think that HEGDF will not be negative affected by this resolution.

        Reply

    • Huluf December 8, 2011

      Kozami,

      Could you pleasae inform your higdefities who are knocking on our doors to sign this useless petition now that “the sanction plot has died”. It sounds similar to the ” zinga zinga, …..my people love me…they die for me” last year’s album of the year from Green Square produciton.

    • Huluf December 8, 2011

      Kozami,

      What it means is the UNSC is going to come back to Asmara and any where they feel need to open the books and interview any governoment official on whether this transaction is done legitmate. Are you discounting the report of the activities the UNSC did and submitted the recommendation on that basis. Didn’t you see the names of individuals and companies operating under the PFDJ and how the tracking and reporting impacting such a decision? This is a pre-cursor to what is about to unravel. DIA is just being traficked to chage course or is set up for staged acts. Recall the Djibouti conflict that in itself should teach us a lesson, how fast they piled on him. I can not believe an astute analyst like Kozami is not rendering some counsel to our DIA your PIA.

      • ahmed saleh December 8, 2011

        Huluf
        Do not forget our internal enemies are difficult to detect than our external. And they are harder in fighting them because they are inside
        our circle.

  • Kumol December 7, 2011

    You can now cry the whole day and night Kozamei..Poor you . You idiots were expecting a miracle from Russia and China ….how about the useless Ambassadors do their homework. Blame USA for everything, instead of blaming their poor diplomatic engagement with the whole world.

    PFDJ will be soon history….part of the garbage books.

  • Haqqi Nezareb December 7, 2011

    Kozami,

    I have no clue what you are talking about? From the about resolution, this is what it says:

    14. Urges all States to introduce due diligence guidelines to prevent the provision of financial services, including insurance or re-insurance, or the transfer to, through, or from their territory, or to or by their nationals or entities organized under their laws (including branches abroad), or persons or financial institutions in their territory, of any financial or other assets or resources if such services, assets or resources, including new investment in the extractives sector, would contribute to Eritrea’s violation of relevant resolutions, including 1844 (2008), 1862 (2009), 1907 (2009) and this resolution.

    I don’t see any death to your ” sanction plot “. Whether they like it or not all companies operating in Eritrea must implement the above provision of the sanction.

    • kozami December 7, 2011

      Haqqi N

      Thanks for coming back! However, ‘due diligence’ means nothing! And if the companies have consulted their lawyers and issued a statement to the effect that ‘it doesn’t touch them’ then case closed. Incidentally, if the companies continue to trade then it means Eritrea has played by the rules therefore another partner for Eritrea in her struggle against the lies and distortions.

      Tsehaye

      I agree with your points and as I always held to have a healthy and credible opposition is a plus for Eritrea. Despite, my belief that strategically the GoE accepts that as true, however they need to take practical steps to ensure that the views of our fellow Eritreans, such as yourself (not the sellouts) be respected and implemented in practice. Hold on to your ground firm brother, as your stand can only be valid no matter what.

      • Hamid December 7, 2011

        To start with placing a country under Sanctions is very bad from all sides… financially, economically, investment, relationship, etc.even it seems to be tooth less Sanctions. Additionally, all government and institutions know that the consequence of any violation of the Sanctions regime put by UN is grave. Plus one should understand that USA has extra-judicial power and could even control countries that don’t agree or wish to implement the Sanction. Therefore, it is ignorance to think that HEGDF will not be negative affected by this resolution.

      • Haqqi Nezareb December 8, 2011

        Kozami,

        Here is what Nevsum said regrading the sanction in the article written by Henry Lazenby (minningweekly.com):
        “However, the company was not sure whether there would be any indirect impacts, as the resolution suggested that future guidelines could be prepared for optional use by individual UN member states”

        The companies are not sure what the indirect future impact of the sanction on their minning related transactions with the lunatic dictator with at this point. Let us wait and see the real impact on Issais and his bootlickers with regard to the $$$ that comes from minning.

        • ahmed saleh December 8, 2011

          We keep saying that this sanction is not against the sidelined
          Ministry of commerce including our national bank which have
          no power to say nothing about the$$$$$$. The message is
          to Hagos Kisha and other IA gangs who run the country like a
          private institution. I rather see to see Eritrean wealth to stay untouched from these mafia group.

  • Cicero-paradiso December 7, 2011

    Ethiopia is rich in languages. I asked my Ethiopian friend, what is the languages of the Amahara Jebertis and the Tigraian Jebertis in Ethiopia?
    He said they are proud of their own languages which is Amharic and Tigrigna respectively.
    Is this true?

    • Huluf December 8, 2011

      Cicero-paradiso,
      I absolutely like your point of a debate with an excellent question. Tomorrow some people have a right to be Jewish . Should they claim Hebre to be their language? Waw…it is a democratic debate question….I appreciate however cynical it may your queston is right on the money.

    • ahmed saleh December 8, 2011

      Stop trying to divert from debating our main issues each other, you are acting childish, with tiny brain.

  • Kaddis December 8, 2011

    As an Ethiopian what really bothers me is the precedence Ethiopia, Igad, US and UN leaving in regards to Eritrea as a state. Meaning – Eth is getting away and is getting maximum support in bullying Eritrea. Eritrea is losing a ground of a member state support – if she is exposed to a real danger such as invasion. We all know and worry there is a big ‘Assab belongs to Eth’ (crap) sentiment among the mainstream Eth, even on the top party leadership.

    This kind of sanctioning or bullying experience would give a wrong signal to this group. And all this ‘Ayzoh” from the super powers – god forbid- may end up of Eth invading Eritrea.

    I always pray not to see that day coming – but looking to the ever weakening of Eritrea and ignorant diplomacy; I fear more. Eth and Kenya went to Somalia without any fear of diplomatic backfire. Do you think Eth would spend a sleepless night doing that to Eritrea? I don’t know ?- but Eritrea is branded so bad – a lot of the Int’l community will hesitate to stand by Eritrea. Some major power may even contemplate of supporting Ethiopia. I am just fearful of a war which will never solve a thing but looks so easy to do if this childish behaviour of Eritrea continues. Please Eritreans don’t let/make Ethiopia invade you – just deal with Shabia if you love your country and by extension us :Ethios: –)

    • Huluf December 9, 2011

      Kaddis,

      While your concern is appreciated NO body will ever step into Eritera unless Eritreans desire so. The old game is over and if there is wise leader in Ethiopia which I have no doubt there will be some, emotional, feudal & communist thinking Ethiopians failed in Eritrea to the debacle of a country that launched it’s first university, higways and an airline almost a century ago. The world can not allow blatant invasion neither would we.

  • Abdi December 8, 2011

    Hello meshakhin!
    i was just passing by and popped to say”entay dea terekhbe ahwatey?” ,”tsn’At yhabkum”and “yhaysh eilwo goyta”.NO SANCTION ON THE MINING AND THE 2% .melswo belu melswo!

    • Huluf December 9, 2011

      Abdino,

      Have you noticed the Chinese and Russians did not vote NO. It is calld obstain. Knowing that it will pass they do no want to meddle with the IGAAD interest.
      Also know they are giving DIA/mining companies three MONTHS with this watered down sanction. Do you believe they are going to let him off the hook unless he fully submits to the request? Let us wait and see.

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